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• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus sp. (L514)
  
  Caption: adult male - ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Imparfinis mirini
  
  Caption: Albino, Rio Pardo basin, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Centromochlus akwe
  
  Caption: Alternate color pattern, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus centrolepis
  
  Caption: Baudo River, Choco, Colombia. Ventral view.
• 
  Species:
  Malacoglanis gelatinosus
  
  Caption: Cano Palomas, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis clarias
  
  Caption: Close-up of female ventral area
• 
  Species:
  Neblinichthys pilosus
  
  Caption: Close-up of head (ventral)
• 
  Species:
  Astroblepus caquetae
  
  Caption: Close-up of head, Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypoptopoma inexspectatum
  
  Caption: Close-up of head, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Otocinclus mariae
  
  Caption: Close-up of head, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Amphilius platychir
  
  Caption: Close-up of unculi on the ventral surface of the pectoral spine
• 
  Species:
  Amphilius uranoscopus
  
  Caption: Close-up of unculi on the ventral surface of the pectoral spine
• 
  Species:
  Acestridium sp. `MANICORE`
  
  Caption: Close-up of ventral plates
• 
  Species:
  Acestridium triplax
  
  Caption: Close-up of ventral plates
• 
  Species:
  Platystacus cotylephorus
  
  Caption: Close-up of ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Lamontichthys llanero
  
  Caption: Close-up of ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Loricariichthys anus
  
  Caption: Close-up of ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria sp. (3)
  
  Caption: Close-up of ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria sp. (4)
  
  Caption: Close-up of ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria teffeana
  
  Caption: Close-up of ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Glyptothorax scrobiculus
  
  Caption: Close-up of ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Acestridium dichromum
  
  Caption: Close-up of ventral view of head
• 
  Species:
  Acestridium dichromum
  
  Caption: Close-up of ventral view of head
• 
  Species:
  Farlowella myriodon
  
  Caption: Close-up of ventral view of head
• 
  Species:
  Metaloricaria paucidens
  
  Caption: Close-up of ventral view of head
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis polli
  
  Caption: Close-up of ventral view of head
• 
  Species:
  Chauliocheilos saxatilis
  
  Caption: Close-up of ventral view of male's head
• 
  Species:
  Farlowella mariaelenae
  
  Caption: Close-up showing 3 columns of ventral plates
• 
  Species:
  Pseudecheneis sulcata
  
  Caption: Close-up ventral fins
• 
  Species:
  Ageneiosus uranophthalmus
  
  Caption: Close-up ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Lithoxancistrus orinoco
  
  Caption: Close-up ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Loricaria birindellii
  
  Caption: Close-up ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudorinelepis sp. (L095)
  
  Caption: Close-up ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis angelicus
  
  Caption: Close-up ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudecheneis sulcata
  
  Caption: Close-up ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudolaguvia virgulata
  
  Caption: Close-up ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria melini
  
  Caption: Close-up ventral view of fry
• 
  Species:
  Otocinclus vittatus
  
  Caption: Close-up ventral view of mouth and chest
• 
  Species:
  Chaetostoma spondylus
  
  Caption: Collected in Upper Maranon. Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Austroglanis sclateri
  
  Caption: Collected in Vaal River. Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chaetostoma formosae
  
  Caption: Female - ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudohemiodon aff. apithanos
  
  Caption: Female - ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudohemiodon platycephalus
  
  Caption: Female - ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pterosturisoma microps
  
  Caption: Female - ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria langei
  
  Caption: Female - ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria maacki
  
  Caption: Female - ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Sturisomatichthys aureus
  
  Caption: Female - ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus sp. (L180)
  
  Caption: Female (right) and male (left), ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Megalodoras uranoscopus
  
  Caption: Female ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudolithoxus dumus
  
  Caption: Female, genital papillae and regular ventral fin
• 
  Species:
  Epactionotus bilineatus
  
  Caption: Female, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Peckoltia sp. `RIO NEGRO II`
  
  Caption: Female, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria daraha
  
  Caption: Female, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus sp. (L346)
  
  Caption: Fry, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhinotocinclus sp. `RIO CAQUETA`
  
  Caption: Gravid female, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypancistrus inspector
  
  Caption: Holotype - ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Microglanis ater
  
  Caption: Holotype (ZMB 20932), ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus amaris
  
  Caption: Holotype ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Harttia merevari
  
  Caption: Holotype, 99.4 mm SL, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pareiorhaphis vetula
  
  Caption: Holotype, male, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria isaaci
  
  Caption: Holotype, male, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ferrarissoaresia meridionalis
  
  Caption: Holotype, male; Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ernstichthys taquari
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudobunocephalus timbira
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Xyliphius anachoretes
  
  Caption: Holotype, Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Centromochlus akwe
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Tatia caudosignata
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Tachysurus latifrontalis
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Brochis (sub-clade 3) brittoi
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hoplisoma apiaka
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hoplisoma pavanelliae
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudotanganikallabes prognatha
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pardiglanis tarabinii
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cetopsorhamdia hidalgoi
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Leptorhamdia aspredinoides
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Mastiglanis yaguas
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pimelodella longibarbata
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pimelodella yaharo
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Heteropneustes fuscus
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus kellerae
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus leoni
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus saudades
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus yutajae
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chaetostoma chimu
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cordylancistrus tayrona
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Corumbataia acanthodela
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Curculionichthys insperatus
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Epactionotus advenus
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Farlowella altocorpus
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Farlowella gianetii
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Farlowella wuyjugu
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Farlowella yarigui
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hemiancistrus furtivus
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypancistrus margaritatus
  
  Caption: Holotype, Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypancistrus phantasma
  
  Caption: Holotype, Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus ericae
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus multidens
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus robertsoni
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Otocinclus mangaba
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Parotocinclus jacksoni
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Parotocinclus nandae
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhinotocinclus hera
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria aurata
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Spectracanthicus javae
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Spectracanthicus tocantinensis
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Microsynodontis armatus
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Microsynodontis laevigatus
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Microsynodontis notatus
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Batrochoglanis melanurus
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Microglanis carlae
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Microglanis garavelloi
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Microglanis leniceae
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Microglanis leptostriatus
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Microglanis lundbergi
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Microglanis maculatus
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Microglanis malabarbai
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Microglanis minutus
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Microglanis oliveirai
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Microglanis pataxo
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Microglanis pleriqueater
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Microglanis reikoae
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Microglanis robustus
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Microglanis sparsus
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Microglanis xerente
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Microglanis xylographicus
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Microglanis zonatus
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudopimelodus atricaudus
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudopimelodus magnus
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhyacoglanis annulatus
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhyacoglanis beninei
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhyacoglanis epiblepsis
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhyacoglanis paranensis
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhyacoglanis seminiger
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhyacoglanis varii
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Erethistes koladynensis
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Erethistes spinulus
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Glyptothorax distichus
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Oreoglanis omkoiensis
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudecheneis nagalandensis
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cambeva atrobrunnea
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cambeva flavopicta
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cambeva galactica
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cambeva luteoreticulata
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cambeva rotundipinna
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Paracanthopoma saci
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Trichogenes beagle
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Trichomycterus lauzannii
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Astroblepus cacharas
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view of head
• 
  Species:
  Peckoltia otali
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view, 76.5 mm SL
• 
  Species:
  Rhadinoloricaria stewarti
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view.
• 
  Species:
  Rhinotocinclus bockmanni
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view. Female, 21.9mm SL
• 
  Species:
  Trichomycterus rosablanca
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view. Photo by Felipe Villegas
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus patronus
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral view. Photo: Nathan Lujan
• 
  Species:
  Paralithoxus mocidade
  
  Caption: Holotype, ventral. Female.
• 
  Species:
  Hoplisoma froehlichi
  
  Caption: Holotype; ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Tatia akroa
  
  Caption: Holotype. Male. Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Heptapterus carnatus
  
  Caption: Holotype. Ventral view. Bar = 1cm
• 
  Species:
  Heptapterus exilis
  
  Caption: Holotype. Ventral view. Bar = 1cm
• 
  Species:
  Astroblepus sabalo
  
  Caption: Intromittent organ of sexually mature male. (A) Lateral view. (B) Ventral view. af, anal fin.
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis sp. hybrid(3)
  
  Caption: Juvenile - ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Farlowella platorynchus
  
  Caption: Juvenile ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Spectracanthicus punctatissimus
  
  Caption: L030 ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Spectracanthicus punctatissimus
  
  Caption: L030 ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Spectracanthicus punctatissimus
  
  Caption: L030 ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Baryancistrus xanthellus
  
  Caption: L081 ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudolithoxus kinja
  
  Caption: L385, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chaetostoma sacramento
  
  Caption: L455, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chaetostoma sacramento
  
  Caption: L455, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chaetostoma sacramento
  
  Caption: L455, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudolithoxus kinja
  
  Caption: L492, Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus saudades
  
  Caption: Live coloration, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus trinitatis
  
  Caption: Live coloration, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Microglanis lucenai
  
  Caption: Live specimen, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chaetostoma formosae
  
  Caption: Male - close-up of ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chaetostoma formosae
  
  Caption: Male - ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudohemiodon aff. apithanos
  
  Caption: Male - ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria langei
  
  Caption: Male - ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria maacki
  
  Caption: Male - ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Sturisomatichthys aureus
  
  Caption: Male - ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ferrarissoaresia ferrarisi
  
  Caption: Male (Ventral view of holotype)
• 
  Species:
  Megalodoras uranoscopus
  
  Caption: Male ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudolithoxus dumus
  
  Caption: Male, genital papillae and longer ventral fin
• 
  Species:
  Epactionotus bilineatus
  
  Caption: Male, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Peckoltia sp. `RIO NEGRO II`
  
  Caption: Male, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria daraha
  
  Caption: Male, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus subcarinatus
  
  Caption: MCNIP 1103, Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cordylancistrus pijao
  
  Caption: Middle Magdalena, Antioquia Dept. Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Mastiglanis sp. (2)
  
  Caption: MUSM 55055, Holotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Erethistes hara
  
  Caption: Neotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Sturisomatichthys aureus
  
  Caption: One day old fry - ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ferrarissoaresia meridionalis
  
  Caption: Paratype, female; Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Microglanis garavelloi
  
  Caption: Paratype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cambeva atrobrunnea
  
  Caption: Paratype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cambeva galactica
  
  Caption: Paratype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cambeva luteoreticulata
  
  Caption: Paratype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cambeva rotundipinna
  
  Caption: Paratype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Paralithoxus mocidade
  
  Caption: Paratype, ventral. Male.
• 
  Species:
  Hemiancistrus sp. (L128)
  
  Caption: Pectoral and ventral fins
• 
  Species:
  Lithoxancistrus orinoco
  
  Caption: Pectoral and ventral fins
• 
  Species:
  Malacoglanis gelatinosus
  
  Caption: Rio Ariporo, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhyacoglanis aff. pulcher
  
  Caption: Rio Chamaya. Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus ancistroides
  
  Caption: Rio Jau, Brazil. Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudopimelodus aff. bufonius `rio xingu`
  
  Caption: Rio Xingu - 84mm SL - Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypancistrus sp. (L270)
  
  Caption: Six month old juvenile (ventral view)
• 
  Species:
  Panaque schaeferi
  
  Caption: Subadult, 4 years old (same as 2yo), >40 cm TL, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus hermanni
  
  Caption: Topotype, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus falconensis
  
  Caption: Type specimen - ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Trichomycterus sp. `JIBOIA`
  
  Caption: UFRN 14676, 51.77 mm SL, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Phractura fasciata
  
  Caption: Ventral
• 
  Species:
  Otocinclus flexilis
  
  Caption: Ventral / head-on view
• 
  Species:
  Pterobunocephalus dolichurus
  
  Caption: ventral shot
• 
  Species:
  Centromochlus orca
  
  Caption: ventral shot
• 
  Species:
  Ossancora punctata
  
  Caption: ventral shot
• 
  Species:
  Cambeva brachykechenos
  
  Caption: Ventral vieew
• 
  Species:
  Ailiichthys punctata
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Proeutropiichthys taakree
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Acrochordonichthys guttatus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Akysis bilustris
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Akysis pulvinatus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Akysis vespa
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Breitensteinia insignis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Breitensteinia insignis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudobagarius inermis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudobagarius meridionalis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudobagarius similis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Amblyceps arunachalense
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Amblyceps protentum
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Liobagrus anguillicauda
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Liobagrus chenhaojuni
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Liobagrus geumgangensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Xiurenbagrus gigas
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Amphilius grandis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Amphilius jacksonii
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Amphilius krefftii
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Amphilius longirostris
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Amphilius maesii
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Amphilius natalensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Amphilius opisthophthalmus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Belonoglanis brieni
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Dolichamphilius brieni
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Phractura scaphyrhynchura
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Tetracamphilius angustifrons
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Trachyglanis ineac
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Trachyglanis ineac
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Trachyglanis sanghensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Zaireichthys mandevillei
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Zaireichthys rotundiceps
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Gogo atratus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Gogo brevibarbis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ariopsis assimilis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Arius acutirostris
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Neoarius graeffei
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Netuma bilineata
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Osteogeneiosus militaris
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pararius mastersi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Sciades herzbergii
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Bunocephalus colombianus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Bunocephalus hertzi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Bunocephalus knerii
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Bunocephalus larai
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ernstichthys megistus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pterobunocephalus depressus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pterobunocephalus depressus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Xyliphius lepturus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Xyliphius melanopterus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Astroblepus boulengeri
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Astroblepus brachycephalus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Astroblepus chotae
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Astroblepus cirratus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Astroblepus eigenmanni
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Astroblepus festae
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Astroblepus fissidens
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Astroblepus guentheri
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Astroblepus heterodon
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Astroblepus homodon
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Astroblepus mancoi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Astroblepus marmoratus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Astroblepus orientalis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Astroblepus retropinnus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Astroblepus simonsii
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Astroblepus taczanowskii
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Astroblepus vaillanti
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Astroblepus whymperi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ageneiosus apiaka
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Entomocorus radiosus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Liosomadoras oncinus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Tatia concolor
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Tetranematichthys barthemi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Trachelyichthys decaradiatus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Trachelyopterus sp. (4)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Notoglanidium maculatum
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Parauchenoglanis punctatus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Parauchenoglanis stiassnyae
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Bagrichthys macracanthus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Mystus cyrusi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Mystus velifer
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Nanobagrus fuscus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Nanobagrus lemniscatus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudomystus stenogrammus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Tachysurus brevianalis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Tachysurus eupogon
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Tachysurus gracilis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Tachysurus nitidus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Tachysurus nubilosus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Tachysurus spilotus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Tachysurus tokiensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Tachysurus wuyueensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Corydoras spilurus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Corydoras zawadzkii
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hoplisoma esperanzae
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hoplisoma lacrimostigmata
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hoplisoma lymnades
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hoplisoma trilineatum
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Scleromystax salmacis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cetopsis baudoensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chaca serica
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Clariallabes longicauda
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Clarias dhonti
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Clarias engelseni
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Clarias gracilentus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Clarias rennyae
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Clarias teijsmanni
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Tanganikallabes alboperca
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Tanganikallabes mortiauxi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Tanganikallabes stewarti
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Uegitglanis zammaranoi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Xenoclarias holobranchus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chrysichthys acsiorum
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chrysichthys turkana
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Acanthodoras cataphractus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Acanthodoras spinosissimus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Agamyxis pectinifrons
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Amblydoras monitor
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Amblydoras nauticus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Doras phlyzakion
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Leptodoras nelsoni
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Leptodoras rogersae
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Orinocodoras eigenmanni
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Platydoras brachylecis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pterodoras granulosus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhynchodoras xingui
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cetopsorhamdia molinae
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Imparfinis stictonotus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Phenacorhamdia boliviana
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Phenacorhamdia suia
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pimelodella vittata
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhamdia laticauda
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudeutropius mitchelli
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ictalurus pricei
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Prietella phreatophila
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Lacantunia enigmatica
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Acestridium gymnogaster
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Acestridium martini
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Acestridium triplax
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistomus sp. (L487)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus aff. bolivianus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus alga
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus brevipinnis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus caucanus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus centrolepis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus claro
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus clementinae
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus falconensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus heterorhynchus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus karajas
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus krenakarore
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus leucostictus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus lineolatus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus lithurgicus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus luzia
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus malacops
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus marcapatae
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus martini
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus martini
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus miracollis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus montanus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus occidentalis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus ranunculus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus shuar
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus sp. `LOWER RIO NEGRO`
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus sp. `RIO MAMORE`
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus sp. `RIO UCAYALI`
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus sp. (3)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus sp. (L325)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus sp. (L509)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus tolima
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus trinitatis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Andeancistrus eschwartzae
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Andeancistrus platycephalus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Avalithoxus jantjae
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Baryancistrus cf. niveatus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Baryancistrus demantoides
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Baryancistrus sp. (L142)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chaetostoma anale
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chaetostoma branickii
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chaetostoma cf. anale`napo`
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chaetostoma dorsale
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chaetostoma milesi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chaetostoma platyrhynchus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chaetostoma platyrhynchus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chaetostoma sp. (5)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chaetostoma sp. (6)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chaetostoma thomsoni
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chaetostoma thomsoni
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chaetostoma thomsoni
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chaetostoma vagum
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chauliocheilos saxatilis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cheilonimata minuta
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cordylancistrus torbesensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Corumbataia tocantinensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Corymbophanes ameliae
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Curculionichthys itaim
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Curculionichthys tukana
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Dasyloricaria filamentosa
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Dekeyseria picta
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Delturus sp. (1)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Epactionotus gracilis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Epactionotus itaimbezinho
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Farlowella azpelicuetae
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Farlowella mariaelenae
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Farlowella mariaelenae
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Farlowella mitoupibo
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Farlowella myriodon
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Farlowella nattereri
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Farlowella oxyrryncha
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Farlowella oxyrryncha
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Farlowella smithi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Farlowella vittata
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Guyanancistrus sp. (L490)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Harttia canastra
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Harttia dissidens
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Harttia fowleri
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Harttia loricariformis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Harttia panara
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Harttia punctata
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Harttia rondoni
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Harttia villasboas
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hemiancistrus cerrado
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hemiancistrus landoni
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hemiancistrus sp. (L476)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hemiancistrus subviridis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hirtella carinata
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hisonotus francirochai
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hisonotus pantherinus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hisonotus vespuccii
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypancistrus contradens
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypancistrus sp. `LOWER RIO XINGU`
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypancistrus sp. `LOWER RIO XINGU`
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypancistrus sp. (L066)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypancistrus sp. (L136C)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypancistrus sp. (L174)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypancistrus sp. (L260)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypancistrus sp. (L297)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypancistrus sp. (L333)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypancistrus vandragti
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypancistrus zebra
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypancistrus zebra
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypoptopoma guianense
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypoptopoma gulare
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypoptopoma gulare
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypoptopoma inexspectatum
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypoptopoma psilogaster
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypoptopoma sp. (4)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypoptopoma steindachneri
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus aff. pusarum
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus annectens
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus argus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus basilisko
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus faveolus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus hemiurus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus hemiurus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus iheringii
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus jaguar
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus johnii
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus khimaera
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus kuarup
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus latifrons
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus luteus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus luteus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus macushi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus melanephelis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus micromaculatus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus niceforoi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus oculeus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus pagei
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus pusarum
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus pusarum
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus roseopunctatus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus sp. `RIO PAUSHIYACO`
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus sp. (L346)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus sp. (L360)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus sp. (L517)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus vaillanti
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Isorineloricaria acuarius
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Kronichthys lacerta
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Lamontichthys sp. `COLOMBIA`
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Lasiancistrus volcanensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Leporacanthicus heterodon
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Leporacanthicus joselimai
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Leporacanthicus sp. (L473)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Leptoancistrus sp. `ATRATO`
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Leptotocinclus ctenistus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Leptotocinclus madeirae
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Limatulichthys griseus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Limatulichthys nasarcus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Lithogenes wahari
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Lithoxancistrus orinoco
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Lithoxancistrus yekuana
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Loricaria birindellii
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Loricaria luciae
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Loricaria luciae
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Loricaria lundbergi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Loricaria lundbergi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Loricaria pumila
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Loricaria spinulifera
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Loricariichthys anus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Loricariichthys hauxwelli
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Loricariichthys hauxwelli
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Metaloricaria nijsseni
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Nannoptopoma sternoptychum
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Nannoxyropsis acicula
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Nannoxyropsis ephippia
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Neblinichthys echinasus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Otocinclus batmani
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Otocinclus flexilis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Otocinclus huaorani
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Otocinclus vittatus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Otothyris lophophanes
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Otothyropsis piribebuy
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Panaqolus gnomus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Panaqolus gnomus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Panaqolus maccus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Panaqolus nix
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Panaqolus sp. (1)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Panaqolus sp. (L002)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Panaqolus sp. (L002)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Panaqolus sp. (L002)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Panaqolus sp. (L169)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Panaqolus sp. (L397)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Panaqolus sp. (L397)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Panaqolus sp. (L403)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Panaqolus sp. (L458)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Panaqolus sp. (L460)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Panaqolus sp. (L465)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Panaqolus sp. (L466)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Panaqolus sp. (L468)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Panaqolus sp. (L469)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Panaqolus sp. (L469)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Panaqolus sp. (L482)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Panaque bathyphilus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Panaque cf. cochliodon`upper magdalena`
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Panaque cf. cochliodon`upper magdalena`
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Panaque nigrolineatus laurafabianae
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Panaque schaeferi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Paralithoxus bovallii
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Paralithoxus planquettei
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Parancistrus aurantiacus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pareiorhaphis bahiana
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pareiorhaphis cameroni
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pareiorhaphis hystrix
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pareiorhaphis pumila
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pareiorhaphis scutula
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Parotocinclus adamanteus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Parotocinclus bahiensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Parotocinclus doceanus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Parotocinclus jacumirim
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Parotocinclus jimi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Parotocinclus maculicauda
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Parotocinclus maculicauda
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Parotocinclus pukuixe
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Parotocinclus spilosoma
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Paulasquama callis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Peckoltia brevis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Peckoltia compta
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Peckoltia ephippiata
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Peckoltia furcata
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Peckoltia greedoi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Peckoltia lujani
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Peckoltia pankimpuju
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Peckoltia pankimpuju
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Peckoltia relictum
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Peckoltia sp. `RIO NEGRO`
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Peckoltia sp. (L288)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Peckoltia vittata
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Peckoltia wernekei
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Planiloricaria cryptodon
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Planiloricaria cryptodon
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudacanthicus cf. spinosus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudacanthicus fordii
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudacanthicus leopardus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudacanthicus sp. (L273)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudancistrus genisetiger
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudancistrus guentheri
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudancistrus kayabi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudancistrus kwinti
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudancistrus sp. (L491)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudohemiodon lamina
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudohemiodon platycephalus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudohemiodon sp. `AMAZONAS VENEZUELA`
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudohemiodon sp. `MARBLED`
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudolithoxus dumus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudolithoxus kelsorum
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudolithoxus nicoi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pterygoplichthys joselimaianus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pterygoplichthys joselimaianus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pterygoplichthys lituratus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pterygoplichthys parnaibae
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pterygoplichthys scrophus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pterygoplichthys sp. (L472)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pterygoplichthys weberi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pterygoplichthys weberi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pyxiloricaria menezesi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhadinoloricaria ommation
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhadinoloricaria sp. `PERU`
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhinelepis strigosa
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhinolekos britskii
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhinolekos capetinga
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhinolekos garavelloi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhinolekos schaeferi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhinotocinclus acuen
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhinotocinclus britskii
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhinotocinclus britskii
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhinotocinclus chromodontus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhinotocinclus chromodontus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhinotocinclus dani
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhinotocinclus dinizae
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhinotocinclus discolor
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhinotocinclus halbothi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhinotocinclus hardmani
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhinotocinclus hera
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhinotocinclus jumaorum
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhinotocinclus loxochelis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhinotocinclus marginalis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhinotocinclus pentakelis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhinotocinclus polyochrus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhinotocinclus yaka
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria aequalicuspis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria baliola
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria cacerensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria cachivera
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria cadeae
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria eigenmanni
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria felipponei
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria formosa
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria heteroptera
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria jurupari
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria longicauda
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria malabarbai
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria misionera
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria morrowi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria pareiacantha
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria sp. `JACAREACANGA`
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria sp. (7)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria steinbachi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria strigilata
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria thrissoceps
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria zawadzkii
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Scobinancistrus cf. pariolispos
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Scobinancistrus raonii
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Soromonichthys stearleyi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Spatuloricaria caquetae
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Spatuloricaria evansii
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Sturisoma reisi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Sturisoma robustum
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Sturisomatichthys aureus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Sturisomatichthys caquetae
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Sturisomatichthys citurensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Sturisomatichthys festivus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Sturisomatichthys kneri
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Sturisomatichthys tamanae
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Transancistrus santarosensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Yaluwak primus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Atopochilus sp. (1)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Atopodontus adriaensi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Atopodontus adriaensi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chiloglanis anoterus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chiloglanis camarabounyi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chiloglanis dialloi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chiloglanis fortuitus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chiloglanis frodobagginsi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chiloglanis kabaensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chiloglanis kolente
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chiloglanis loffabrevum
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chiloglanis longibarbis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chiloglanis mongoensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chiloglanis nzerekore
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chiloglanis pezoldi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chiloglanis pretoriae
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chiloglanis sp. (1)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chiloglanis tweddlei
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Chiloglanis waterloti
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Euchilichthys guentheri
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Euchilichthys guentheri
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Microsynodontis sp. (1)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis acanthomias
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis acanthoperca
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis angelicus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis annectens
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis ansorgii
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis batensoda
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis batesii
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis dhonti
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis fuelleborni
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis grandiops
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis granulosus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis kogonensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis laessoei
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis macrops
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis macrostigma
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis macrostoma
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis matthesi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis melanopterus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis nebulosus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis notatus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis orientalis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis petricola
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis pleurops
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis punctulatus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis resupinatus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis sp. hybrid(1)
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis steindachneri
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis tessmanni
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis tessmanni
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis vanderwaali
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis waterloti
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis woosnami
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis zanzibaricus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Phreatobius dracunculus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Brachyplatystoma tigrinum
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Brachyplatystoma tigrinum
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pimelodus fur
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pimelodus pictus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pimelodus pictus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Propimelodus araguayae
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Sorubim maniradii
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Zungaro zungaro
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Plotosus abbreviatus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Plotosus papuensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Batrochoglanis acanthochiroides
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Batrochoglanis transmontanus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cruciglanis pacifici
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Microglanis aff. poecilus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Microglanis berbixae
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Microglanis cibelae
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Microglanis nigrolineatus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Microglanis secundus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Microglanis variegatus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhyacoglanis pulcher
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Parailia somalensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Schilbe uranoscopus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Kryptopterus mononema
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Kryptopterus palembangensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ompok hypophthalmus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ompok supernus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pterocryptis gangelica
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pterocryptis wynaadensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Silurichthys ligneolus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Silurus grahami
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Silurus mento
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Bagarius vegrandis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Caelatoglanis zonatus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Creteuchiloglanis bumdelingensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Creteuchiloglanis gongshanensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Creteuchiloglanis macropterus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Erethistes jerdoni
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Erethistoides longispinis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Erethistoides luteola
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Erethistoides vescula
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Exostoma berdmorei
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Exostoma gaoligongense
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Exostoma mangdechhuense
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Exostoma tenuicaudatum
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Exostoma vinciguerrae
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Glaridoglanis andersonii
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Glyptosternon oschanini
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Glyptosternon oschanini
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Glyptothorax anamalaiensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Glyptothorax annandalei
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Glyptothorax cavia
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Glyptothorax chavomensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Glyptothorax filicatus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Glyptothorax kashmirensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Glyptothorax ketambe
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Glyptothorax laosensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Glyptothorax lonah
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Glyptothorax maceriatus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Glyptothorax malabarensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Glyptothorax malabarensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Glyptothorax nieuwenhuisi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Glyptothorax plectilis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Glyptothorax pongoensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Glyptothorax scrobiculus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Glyptothorax scrobiculus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Glyptothorax strabonis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Glyptothorax striatus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Glyptothorax striatus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Gogangra laevis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Gogangra viridescens
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Myersglanis blythii
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Oreoglanis colurus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Oreoglanis heteropogon
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Oreoglanis laciniosa
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Oreoglanis macroptera
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Oreoglanis macroptera
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Oreoglanis nakasathiani
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Oreoglanis nakasathiani
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Oreoglanis sudarai
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Oreoglanis suraswadii
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Oreoglanis tenuicauda
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Oreoglanis vicina
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Parachiloglanis benjii
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Parachiloglanis bhutanensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Parachiloglanis bhutanensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Parachiloglanis drukyulensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudecheneis brachyura
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudecheneis brachyura
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudecheneis eddsi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudecheneis intermedius
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudecheneis longipectoralis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudecheneis sulcata
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudecheneis sympelvica
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudolaguvia austrina
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudolaguvia ribeiroi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudolaguvia spicula
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudolaguvia virgulata
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Sineuchiloglanis gracilicaudata
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Tremeuchiloglanis rhabdura
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ammoglanis natgeorum
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cambeva alphabelardense
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cambeva betabelardense
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cambeva betabelardense
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cambeva biseriata
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cambeva cauim
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cambeva chrysornata
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cambeva cubataonis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cambeva diatropoporos
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cambeva difficilis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cambeva gamabelardense
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cambeva guaratuba
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cambeva melanoptera
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cambeva melanoptera
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cambeva perobana
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cambeva poikilos
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cambeva poikilos
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cambeva stawiarski
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cambeva ventropapillata
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Cambeva ytororo
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ituglanis crispim
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Pseudostegophilus maculatus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Rhinotridens chromocaudatus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Scleronema guapa
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Scleronema guapa
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Scleronema ibirapuita
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Scleronema macanuda
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Scleronema mate
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Scleronema mate
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Scleronema milonga
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Scleronema minutum
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Scleronema operculatum
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Scleronema teiniagua
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Scleronema teiniagua
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Stegophilus insidiosus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Trichomycterus bomboizanus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Trichomycterus borellii
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Trichomycterus brasiliensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Trichomycterus brigadeirensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Trichomycterus caparaoensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Trichomycterus caratinguensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Trichomycterus castelensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Trichomycterus espinhacensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Trichomycterus largoperculatus
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Trichomycterus migrans
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Trichomycterus romeroi
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Trichomycterus spegazzinii
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Trichomycterus spilosoma
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Typhlobelus guacamaya
  
  Caption: Ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus dolichopterus
  
  Caption: Ventral view - juvenile
• 
  Species:
  Peckoltia compta
  
  Caption: Ventral view - may be spotted or not
• 
  Species:
  Hypancistrus zebra
  
  Caption: Ventral view - note small mouth
• 
  Species:
  Panaqolus sp. `ACRE`
  
  Caption: Ventral view - Rio Amonia near the Brazilian town of Marechal Taumaturgo
• 
  Species:
  Hypancistrus zebra
  
  Caption: Ventral view - ten day old fry
• 
  Species:
  Pterygoplichthys gibbiceps
  
  Caption: Ventral view (albino)
• 
  Species:
  Megalechis thoracata
  
  Caption: Ventral view (female)
• 
  Species:
  Baryancistrus xanthellus
  
  Caption: Ventral view (female)
• 
  Species:
  Panaqolus maccus
  
  Caption: Ventral view (female)
• 
  Species:
  Pseudohemiodon sp. `MARBLED`
  
  Caption: Ventral view (female)
• 
  Species:
  Pseudacanthicus leopardus
  
  Caption: Ventral view (gravid female)
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus sp. (L393)
  
  Caption: Ventral view (male)
• 
  Species:
  Pseudohemiodon sp. `MARBLED`
  
  Caption: Ventral view (male)
• 
  Species:
  Farlowella acus
  
  Caption: Ventral view detailing belly scutes arrangement
• 
  Species:
  Farlowella acus
  
  Caption: Ventral view detailing belly scutes arrangement
• 
  Species:
  Sturisomatichthys aureus
  
  Caption: Ventral view illustrating scutes
• 
  Species:
  Hypancistrus sp. (L236)
  
  Caption: Ventral view of 2 cm juvenile
• 
  Species:
  Panaqolus albivermis
  
  Caption: Ventral view of adult
• 
  Species:
  Bagre urumacoensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view of broken neurocranium
• 
  Species:
  Hemibagrus microphthalmus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of female
• 
  Species:
  Brochiloricaria chauliodon
  
  Caption: Ventral view of female
• 
  Species:
  Loricariichthys anus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of female
• 
  Species:
  Spectracanthicus zuanoni
  
  Caption: Ventral view of female
• 
  Species:
  Farlowella platorynchus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of fry
• 
  Species:
  Leporacanthicus cf. galaxias(l240)
  
  Caption: Ventral view of fry
• 
  Species:
  Auchenipterichthys punctatus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of head
• 
  Species:
  Dentectus barbarmatus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of head
• 
  Species:
  Hemiancistrus punctulatus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of head
• 
  Species:
  Hypancistrus inspector
  
  Caption: Ventral view of head
• 
  Species:
  Hypancistrus sp. (L173)
  
  Caption: Ventral view of head
• 
  Species:
  Hypancistrus sp. (L236)
  
  Caption: Ventral view of head
• 
  Species:
  Hypancistrus sp. (L500)
  
  Caption: Ventral view of head
• 
  Species:
  Loricariichthys hauxwelli
  
  Caption: Ventral view of head
• 
  Species:
  Loricariichthys hauxwelli
  
  Caption: Ventral view of head
• 
  Species:
  Panaqolus claustellifer
  
  Caption: Ventral view of head
• 
  Species:
  Panaqolus nocturnus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of head
• 
  Species:
  Peckoltia sp. (L140)
  
  Caption: Ventral view of head
• 
  Species:
  Pseudancistrus papariae
  
  Caption: Ventral view of head
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria lanceolata
  
  Caption: Ventral view of head
• 
  Species:
  Spatuloricaria sp. `RIO SAN ALEJANDRO`
  
  Caption: Ventral view of head
• 
  Species:
  Spectracanthicus murinus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of head
• 
  Species:
  Chiloglanis sp. `SENGA BAY`(1)
  
  Caption: Ventral view of head
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis velifer
  
  Caption: Ventral view of head
• 
  Species:
  Brachyplatystoma capapretum
  
  Caption: Ventral view of head
• 
  Species:
  Iheringichthys syi
  
  Caption: Ventral view of head
• 
  Species:
  Henonemus punctatus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of head
• 
  Species:
  Akysis clinatus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Akysis microps
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Akysis patrator
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Pseudobagarius eustictus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Batasio tigrinus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Hemibagrus divaricatus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Hemibagrus lacustrinus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Hemibagrus semotus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Mystus celator
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Mystus zeylanicus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Pseudomystus bomboides
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Pseudomystus fumosus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Pseudomystus tuberosus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Encheloclarias kelioides
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus formoso
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Pseudancistrus reus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Transancistrus santarosensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Ompok karunkodu
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Silurichthys exortivus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Conta pectinata
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Erethistes longissimus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Exostoma effrenum
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Exostoma ericinum
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Exostoma peregrinator
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Glaridoglanis ramosa
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Glyptothorax decussatus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Glyptothorax famelicus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Glyptothorax forabilis
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Glyptothorax irroratus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Glyptothorax keluk
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Glyptothorax pictus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Glyptothorax porrectus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Glyptothorax prionotos
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Glyptothorax radiolus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Gogangra laevis
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Oreoglanis brevicula
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Pseudolaguvia assula
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Pseudolaguvia fucosa
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Pseudolaguvia inornata
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Pseudolaguvia nubila
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Pseudolaguvia viriosa
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype
• 
  Species:
  Chiloglanis igamba
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype.
• 
  Species:
  Chiloglanis kazumbei
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype.
• 
  Species:
  Chiloglanis orthodontus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of holotype.
• 
  Species:
  Peckoltia sp. (L076)
  
  Caption: Ventral view of juveniles
• 
  Species:
  Brochiloricaria chauliodon
  
  Caption: Ventral view of male
• 
  Species:
  Panaqolus albomaculatus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of male
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria aff. latirostris
  
  Caption: Ventral view of male
• 
  Species:
  Spectracanthicus zuanoni
  
  Caption: Ventral view of male
• 
  Species:
  Sturisomatichthys reinae
  
  Caption: Ventral view of male
• 
  Species:
  Sturisomatichthys reinae
  
  Caption: Ventral view of male's bristles
• 
  Species:
  Astroblepus mancoi
  
  Caption: Ventral view of mouth
• 
  Species:
  Astroblepus sp. (2)
  
  Caption: Ventral view of mouth
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus sp. (L327)
  
  Caption: Ventral view of mouth
• 
  Species:
  Chaetostoma platyrhynchus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of mouth
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus sp. (L087)
  
  Caption: Ventral view of mouth
• 
  Species:
  Hypostomus sp. (L346)
  
  Caption: Ventral view of mouth
• 
  Species:
  Pseudohemiodon almendarizi
  
  Caption: Ventral view of mouth
• 
  Species:
  Chiloglanis sp. `SENGA BAY`(2)
  
  Caption: Ventral view of mouth
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis aterrimus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of mouth
• 
  Species:
  Pareuchiloglanis cf. longicauda
  
  Caption: Ventral view of mouth
• 
  Species:
  Ariopsis ariopsilus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of neurocranium and nuchal plate
• 
  Species:
  Sciades latissimum
  
  Caption: Ventral view of neurocranium and nuchal plate
• 
  Species:
  Sciades peregrinus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of neurocranium and nuchal plate
• 
  Species:
  Glyptothorax distichus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of pectoral spine
• 
  Species:
  Pseudomystus heokhuii
  
  Caption: Ventral view of preserved specimen
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis zambezensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view of preserved specimen
• 
  Species:
  Leiarius perruno
  
  Caption: Ventral view of preserved specimen
• 
  Species:
  Erethistes jerdoni
  
  Caption: Ventral view of skeleton
• 
  Species:
  Conta pectinata
  
  Caption: Ventral view of thoracic adhesive apparatus
• 
  Species:
  Chaetostoma formosae
  
  Caption: Ventral view of upper body
• 
  Species:
  Farlowella paraguayensis
  
  Caption: Ventral view of upper body
• 
  Species:
  Pseudacanthicus sp. (L343)
  
  Caption: Ventral view of upper body
• 
  Species:
  Pseudoloricaria laeviuscula
  
  Caption: Ventral view of upper body
• 
  Species:
  Pseudoloricaria laeviuscula
  
  Caption: Ventral view of upper body
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria sp. (2)
  
  Caption: Ventral view of upper body
• 
  Species:
  Spatuloricaria tuira
  
  Caption: Ventral view of upper body
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis violaceus
  
  Caption: Ventral view of upper body
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria aff. latirostris
  
  Caption: Ventral view of upper body of female
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria aff. latirostris
  
  Caption: Ventral view of upper body of male
• 
  Species:
  Rineloricaria eigenmanni
  
  Caption: Ventral view showing key ID features.
• 
  Species:
  Acestridium scutatum
  
  Caption: Ventral view showing plates
• 
  Species:
  Acestridium scutatum
  
  Caption: Ventral view showing plates
• 
  Species:
  Acestridium dichromum
  
  Caption: Ventral view showing preanal plate
• 
  Species:
  Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus
  
  Caption: Ventral view showing reticulated pattern
• 
  Species:
  Acestridium discus
  
  Caption: Ventral view showing scutes
• 
  Species:
  Otocinclus vittatus
  
  Caption: Ventral view showing yellow eggs
• 
  Species:
  Pimelodus albicans
  
  Caption: Ventral view three year old - 360mm SL
• 
  Species:
  Panaque sp. (L191)
  
  Caption: Ventral view, 32 cm TL, unsexed
• 
  Species:
  Ancistrus dolichopterus
  
  Caption: Ventral view, female
• 
  Species:
  Hemibagrus capitulum
  
  Caption: Ventral view, holotype of Hemibagrus chrysops
• 
  Species:
  Pseudancistrus kwinti
  
  Caption: Ventral view, male
• 
  Species:
  Auchenipterichthys coracoideus
  
  Caption: Ventral view, showing shape of pectoral girdle
• 
  Species:
  Glyptothorax schmidti
  
  Caption: Ventral view, showing thoracic adhesive apparatus
• 
  Species:
  Chaetostoma platyrhynchus
  
  Caption: Ventral view; Florencia, Rio Caqueta basin
• 
  Species:
  Exostoma sawmteai
  
  Caption: Ventral view.
• 
  Species:
  Acanthicus hystrix
  
  Caption: Ventral view. Rio Tocantins, near town of Estreito, Maranhão state, Brazil
• 
  Species:
  Hemiancistrus cerrado
  
  Caption: Yellow colouration, ventral view
• 
  Species:
  Synodontis nigriventris
  
  Caption: Zebra Kutu variant-ventral view