I donot beleive them to be true schoalers. With age they pretty much stay to themselves
Whatever you believe in, is a free choice.....
the FACTS however point at a shoaling fish wich keeps in a loose group and still keeps interacting with each other, regardless what age they are:
some observations made in about 6,5 year of observations, by watching Tanganyikan Syno's in several tanks for hours at each "session", and weeks or months on end (same animals):
-individuals of both sexes follow each other for hours on ends, even when not mating, this is counting individuals who are only a few weeks old and also animals who are at least 12 years in captivity and where imported as adults (!) and any animal in between.
-males often get more intolerant to each other with age, but try to "steal" females; there's a constant but mellow rivalry going on for the most gravid femalews and the best spawning spots. In a small tank the 'mellow' behaviour can disappear and fighting can get more fierce; sometimes the alpha male is the ONLY one who spawns and manages to keep ALL the other males from catching up and mating with a female. As a result: after several weeks of spawning, the alpha male looks "ragged" and the "beta" males look definitely more well-fed.
-on occasion an animal wanders alone for some time, but always returns to interacting with another one
preferably of it's own species.
when kept with other species they are much more intolerant to the other species, or try to avoid it altogether if this other species is a belligerent territorial species (granulosus for example).
given the choice between polli, multipunctatus, "petricola sp Giant" and petricola's; they have a noticable preferrence to petricola's.
petricola and "petricola sp Giant" fight each other, but do not enjoy each others' company.
The only quite obvious example is "polli White"; the unnamed Zambian Synodontis-species wich comes from the same habitat in Zambia as the famous Synodontis cf "petricola dwarf".
interesting fact: Synodontis petricola from Burundi doesn't mingle much with this species, they tend to ignore it like they ignore multipunctatus or polli etc.
it's the 'dwarf' species that is caught
together with "polli White" that often shows a remarkable tolerance; as a result, these two species do very well together, but groups should be present of both.
-"polli White" shows a more "proper" shoaling behaviour, like multipunctatus does.
-Synodontis polli has an even more 'loose structured' shoaling bond; however, this species too engages in gentle chasings and often find company of speciesmembers more preferable than other Synodontis-species.
polli and multipunctatus seem to have a "dislike" and can fight quite a bit!