Article © Julian Dignall, uploaded December 01, 2001.

Undoubtably the best selling, most commonly kept catfish of all time, I figured it was about time to devote a catfish of the month slot to the Bronze Cory, Corydoras aeneus. What some people don't realize is that this catfish is also the albino catfish you are likely to encounter at your local aquatic shop. It is certainly the most common albino form of any Corydoras species. To illustrate this, above and below you will find images of the "regular", farm bred Bronze Cory and its equally domesticated albino. These are perfect community fish; their, at once, both comical and peaceful demeanor coupled with real hardiness ensures that they deservedly maintain their commonplace status in every dealer's "bread and butter" stock list.

The common albino form of Corydoras aeneus.

Yet the Bronze Cory has many more than two commonly worn robes. Recent and not-so-recent imports from from wild populations of this fish have given rise to a large number of colour and / or geographic forms and, perhaps, even distinct species. Currently, the notion that C. venezuelanus is a full species is gaining acceptance (at the time of writing, we accept it as such on this website) and maybe it is only a matter of time before we look again towards the formal resurrection of C. schultzei or the introduction of new species.

C. schultzei can be found in older (but not too old) aquarium literature, probably the best example being a black and white photograph in Dr. Sterba's Aquarium Handbook. The edition I'm looking at is in English and was published in 1973. Going back a decade to, for example, the 1961 edition of Axelrod and Vorderwinkler's Encyclopedia of Tropical Fishes (with special emphasis on techniques of breeding - retailing then at $7.95, that's around a cent a page - I could go on at length about this book which was a gift from my fishkeeping Dentist when HE retired!). I digress hugely; as I was saying, there is no mention of C. schultzei in this earlier offering and the pictures (albeit understandably black and white) are identical to the one topmost on this page. Although C. schultzei (named in honour of Mr. Otto Schultze) was described in 1940, the material has since been lost. Perhaps one of the more subtle tragedies of war? The end result is we have no point of reference to refer to except the original papers. This is a real obstacle to those who would seek to formally resurrect the full species status of this name. The more obscure synonyms, C. macrosteus (meaning long-bone and described from Sao Paulo in Brazil) and C. microps (meaning small eye and from Mato Grosso, Brazil) will likely continue to remain as such short of proper redesriptions. Even with the re-acceptance of C. venezuelanus and possibly C. schultzei as valid species, there still remains a great deal of variety indeed amongst the dispersed ranks of Corydoras. Presented below are the many faces of Corydoras aeneus (and a selection of similar species)...

C. schultzei		This species shows a trademark head stripe that is colour in gold or light organge. It is long in the body and head although doesn't have a true pointed snout.
C. schultzei 'black'		This variety is velvet black with dark chocolate fins. Interestingly enough, stressed individuals lighten noticeably and the trademark head stripe can be seen. This is a man made colour form.
C. sp. CW014		The fish is variously called red, rust or orange stripe. Red is the most accurate, but it can be confused with the other colour stripe types, it's also called CW014.
C. sp. CW010		CW010 is the more common orange striped variety.
C. sp. CW009		The body colour of this fish is a shimmering green, and the stripe a bright luminous green hence the 'laser green' common name. Otherwise it is identical to the other varieties with stripes. When stressed can be hard to tell apart from the from the others. These fish are exported from Peru. I have seen them for myself in Iquitos.
C. cf. aeneus "gold"		A rarely encountered, possibly bred for, colour form that does exhibit the much discussed stripe but only faintly; however the body shape is different again and more similar to the Trinidadian form.
C. sp. cf. aeneus "green"		One is put in mind of Brochis spp. when you first glance at this fish. It comes from Humaita, Brazil. Burgess also calls this fish "U5", a naming system I am thankfully unfamiliar with. It differs from C. aeneus in terms of shape and, although certainly a Corydoras, is shaped more like Corydoras elegans or the like.
C. melanotaenia		Described in 1912 from Colombia, this fish makes occasional appearances in the hobby. Note the dark marking runs from gill cover to caudal peduncle with but never crosses over the back (when viewed from above this fish looks very different). The fins of the round-nosed elongate Cory are a pleasing yellow green.
C. eques		This Brazilian species was described back in 1877. It is prized among Corydoras collectors as a pretty and rare import. Although similar to C. melanotaenia, its fins are not coloured and it is a shorter, more compact fish. The area around the gills is bright orange.
C. venezuelanus		Although previously placed in synonymy with C. aeneus, this would appear to really be a separate species in its own right. Described in 1911 from Venezuela, the fish pictured left was collected around the type locality in the year 2001. It has a orange shoulder and roundish mid-body bronze marking. Interestingly, the further from the type locality you travel in Venezuela, the larger and longer the blob appears on individuals collected. This smaller fish grows to a SL of around 60mm.

It is the closeness of these fishes to that of C. aeneus that primarily associates them with that species. Most would agree that they are all one species but it's also very possible that none of them are the real C. aeneusat all! It was described from Trinidad, an island around 12 miles off the North eastern shores of Venezuela. Trinidad has been an island for hundreds of thousands of years. There are hundreds of species endemic to this island - why should C. aeneus be different? If its range is so restricted then that brings us to the question; why should we call any of the fish in the hobby C. aeneus? To my mind the answer to this is that the original Bronze Cory, certainly those used to stock the first mass breeding ponds in Florida, like other popular tropical fish of the time, came from Trinidad.

This is not gospel; some authors believe the much talked about stripe exhibited by many of these varieties fades with captive breeding. One does not breed Corydoras for colour in the way you would fancy guppies. Fifty years of continual captive breeding, and the fish we commonly find for sale has just lost a bit of its sparkle (if not its vitality). Similarly, some are of the opinion that many varieties of C. aeneus types have, over the years, been haphazardly bred to form an average from which forms the "classic" farm-bred animal we see today. In my view I could understand these arguments were it not for photographs of the "classic" C. aeneus appearing in the older hobby books.

Overall, there is one hugely important point concerning colour variations in this species. There are many forms of the Bronze Cory but sadly a few artificial ones have also appeared for sale. These sport attractive blood red stripes in the lower back quarter of the fish. These animals have been injected with dye to produce this effect. Many different types of fish are altered in one way or the other in the ornamental fish trade and you will hear comments like "it doesn't hurt" and so on. Whether it does or not is immaterial; hopefully I have shown the true colours of these fish in the pictures above - I cannot see why we need more than that.

Injecting fish with colour dye for financial gain or the unthinking aquarist's cosmetic benefit is animal cruelty at its worst; you can do your bit by not purchasing these fish, letting the dealer know that you're not happy with them being in stock and spreading the word to that effect. I now step down from my soapbox.

Copyright information for the images used in this article can be found on the species' full Cat-eLog page.

Cat-eLog Data Sheet
Scientific Name	Osteogaster aenea  (Gill, 1858)
Common Names	Bronze Cory Albino Cory, Bronze Catfish, Bronze Corydoras, Kobberpansermalle (Denmark), Metallpansarmal (Sweden), Panzerwels (Germany)
Type Locality	Trinidad Island, West Indies.
Synonym(s)	Callichthys aeneus, Corydoras aeneus, Corydoras macrosteus, Corydoras microps, Hoplosoma aeneum
Pronunciation	os tee oh gas terr - ah NAY uss
Etymology	The Latin aeneus, means brazen, of copper and refers to this species' metallic green sheen when in top or natural conditions.
Articles
Species Information
Size	75mm or 3" SL. Find near, nearer or same sized spp.
Identification	A very variable species. See catfish of the month link below. Occasionally confused with Brochis spp. but can be distinguished fairly easily by the number of rays and shape of dorsal fin - Corydoras have less than ten rays, Brochis have ten or more rays.
Sexing	Males are smaller (up to 65mm) and slimmer. Females grow larger and are much wider which can most easily be observed from above.
Habitat Information
Distribution	South America: Colombia and Trinidad to La Plata River basin east of the Andes. Amazon (click on these areas to find other species found there) La Plata, Paraná, Paraguay (click on these areas to find other species found there) La Plata, Paraná (click on these areas to find other species found there) Trinidad rivers (click on these areas to find other species found there) Orinoco (click on these areas to find other species found there) Login to view the map.
IUCN Red List Category	Not Evaluated
pH	6.5 - 7.5
Temperature	21.0-27.0°C or 69.8-80.6°F (Show species within this range)
Other Parameters	Generally should be kept at a temperature of around 24°C, water current should not be fierce.
Husbandry Information
Feeding	All prepared and suitably sized live foods are taken. User data.
Compatibility	A perfect citizen.
Suggested Tankmates	Keep in a shoal of at least 6 individuals - ideal first catfish for a beginner's community aquarium.
Breeding	Easily accomplished with captive raised stock. Some colour varieties are more challenging than others. Given the presence of a suitably egg-laden female and a mature male or two, spawning can be triggered by a large, cool water change. Try changing 30-40% of the aquarium water (at 21°C) and bring the temperature down to 16°C. Do this slowly over an hour or two.The fish should respond by spawning in the classic 'T' formation method. Here, using one of his pectoral fins, the male clamps the female to his side by her barbels and fertilizes a small batch of eggs held within the protective basket formed by her pelvic fins. The adhesive eggs are then placed on plants or aquarium walls and the process repeated. The eggs take 3-4 days to hatch. It is safe to leave well fed parents with the eggs, but some breeders prefer to remove the eggs, or indeed parents, to avoid any temptation of an easy snack. For the first few days of their life, pre-soaked powdered flake food should be fed to the fry. After the first 3 or 4 days, newly hatched brineshrimp can also be sparingly used to bring on the fishes growth. As the fish grow more and more foods can be offered in line with the size of the developing juveniles. Adult colouration is reached in around nine weeks.
Breeding Reports	There are 59 breeding reports, read them all here.
Further Information
Reference	Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York v. 6 (nos 10-13, art. 38), pp 403 [43].
Registered Keepers	There are 807 registered keepers, view all "my cats" data.
Wishlists	Love this species? Click the heart to add it to your wish list. There are 5 wishes to keep this species, see who wants what.
Spotters	Spotted this species somewhere? Click the binoculars! There are 166 records of this fish being seen, view them all.
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	Search for O. aenea
	Look up O. aenea on AquaticRepublic.com
	Look up O. aenea on Fishbase
	Look up O. aenea on Encyclopedia of Life
	Look up O. aenea on Global Biodiversity Information Facility
	LFS label creator ARN ref:1.1.1579.51
Last Update	2024 Jun 30 13:48 (species record created: 2001 Dec 01 11:22)

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